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Gospel of Philip
The Gospel of Philip is one of the Gnostic Gospels, a text of New Testament apocrypha, dated to around the 3rd century but lost to researchers until an Egyptian man rediscovered it by accident, buried in a cave near Nag Hammadi, in 1945.〔"Rivals of Jesus," National Geographic Channel (2006).〕
The text is not related to the canonical gospels. Although this gospel may seem similar to the Gospel of Thomas, it is not a sayings gospel, but a collection of gnostic teachings and reflections, a "gnostic anthology," so called by Marvin Meyer and Esther A. De Boer, who consider it to be a Valentinian text.〔Marvin Meyer, Esther A. De Boer, ''The Gospels of Mary: The Secret Tradition of Mary Magdalene, the Companion of Jesus'', pp. 36-7 (HarperCollins, 2004) ISBN 978-0-06-083451-7〕 Sacraments, in particular the sacrament of marriage, are a major theme. The text is perhaps most famous as an early source for the popular theory that Jesus was married to Mary Magdalene. The Ancient Greek manuscript describes Jesus as Mary's "koinonos," or "companion," which may imply an intimate sexual relationship or a friend or companion in faith. Although part of the original text is missing from the papyrus scriptures discovered, some translations fill in the gap by suggesting that it was Jesus who “loved Mary Magdalene more than all the disciples and used to kiss her often on the mouth.”〔"Rivals of Jesus," National Geographic Channel (2006)〕
== Date of composition==
The gospel's title appears at the end of the Coptic manuscript in a colophon; the only connection with Philip the Apostle within the text is that he is the only apostle mentioned (at 73,8). The text proper makes no claim to be from Philip, though, similarly, the four New Testament gospels make no explicit claim to be written by Matthew, Mark, Luke or John. The Gospel of Philip was written between 150 AD and 350 AD, while Philip himself lived in the first century, making it extremely unlikely to be his writing. Most scholars hold a 3rd-century date of composition.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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